پرستو گودرزی

  The main purpose of this research is to study and investigate the role of banks' profitability with monetary policies, financial development and economic development on economic growth in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa region. The statistical community of this research includes the financial and banking data of MENA countries during the year ۲۰۰۴-۲۰۱۷. Thus, in this research, we try to investigate the effect of the independent variable of bank profitability on the dependent variable of economic growth, which we estimate with four approaches. First, we start our analysis with a cross-country OLS regression. OLS error terms are most likely associated with regressions for three reasons: an omitted variable bias, a potential reverse causality, and a dynamic regression, yt-۱. Our first step to deal with these issues is to perform a panel fixed effects (FE) regression. Panel fixed effects regression solves the omitted variable bias, but does not solve the problems of reverse causality or dynamic regression. We then went one step further by estimating the instrumental variables (IV) using Lerner's index in the banking industry for the ROA instrument. While a panel (FE) and (IV) model solves the problem of omitted variable bias and reverse causality, it does not solve the problem posed by a dynamic regression. Therefore, our final step to obtain reliable estimates is to use a first-difference GMM system model. Also, in this study, five control variables of primary GDP, education, inflation, country openness, and government spending are also given, which initially estimate The main one is the current level and the previous periods of bank profit, and then we examine the role of various factors on the results, such as: banking crisis, banking risk, monetary policy, financial development, economic development, institutional quality. The general result states that in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa, bank profitability has a positive effect on economic growth. Also, examining the role of monetary policy factors, financial development, economic development and institutional quality showed that the effect of bank profitability on economic growth is influenced by two specific characteristics. is the country; With an expansionary monetary policy, it is reduced and strengthened by higher institutional quality.